| (in € millions) | non-inclus | Note | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wages and other employment-related expense | I | non-inclus | (16,037) | (14,711) |
| of which wages and salaries | non-inclus | (12,370) | (11,360) | |
| of which employer social contributions | non-inclus | (2,660) | ||
| of which contributions to defined contribution plans | non-inclus | 29.1 | (745) | (691) |
| Profit-sharing and incentive plans | II | (315) | (268) | |
| Total | I + II | (16,352) | (14,979) |
| non-inclus | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Average number of employees (in full-time equivalent) | 279,426 | 265,303 |
| of which managers | 54,049 | 47,699 |
| of which other employees | 225,376 | 217,604 |
| (in € millions) | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Net gains or losses on disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment | Net gains or losses on disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment 202341 |
Net gains or losses on disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment 202235 |
| Share in operating income or loss of joint operations | Share in operating income or loss of joint operations 2023(14) |
Share in operating income or loss of joint operations 202219 |
| Other | Other 202374 |
Other 202245 |
| Total | Total2023101 | Total202299 |
Depreciation and amortisation break down as follows:
| (in € millions) | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Concession intangible assets | Concession intangible assets 2023(1,550) |
Concession intangible assets 2022(1,432) |
| Other intangible assets | Other intangible assets 2023(263) |
Other intangible assets 2022(239) |
| Property, plant and equipment | Property, plant and equipment 2023(1,987) |
Property, plant and equipment 2022(1,943) |
| Depreciation and amortisation | Depreciation and amortisation2023(3,799) | Depreciation and amortisation2022(3,613) |
In 2022 and 2023, amortisation of other intangible assets included €128 million relating to intangible assets identified when allocating the Cobra IS purchase price (brands, backlog and customer relationships).
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment included €668 million in 2023 relating to right-of-use assets under leases (€623 million in 2022).
Accounting policies
The cost of net financial debt comprises:
The cost of net financial debt amounted to €894 million in 2023, up €280 million compared with 2022 (€614 million).
The higher return on surplus cash, along with the positive impact of the transaction carried out in the first quarter of 2023 to restructure the debt arranged to acquire London Gatwick airport, partly offset the effect of higher interest rates since the second half of 2022 on the Group’s floating rate debt and the impact of acquisitions outside of France, particularly in the Concessions business.
The cost of net financial debt can be analysed as follows:
| (in € millions) | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Financial liabilities at amortised cost | Financial liabilities at amortised cost 2023(1,138) |
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 2022(791) |
| Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 2023462 |
Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 2022120 |
| Derivatives designated as hedges: assets and liabilities | Derivatives designated as hedges: assets and liabilities 2023(181) |
Derivatives designated as hedges: assets and liabilities 202257 |
| Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss: assets and liabilities | Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss: assets and liabilities 2023(37) |
Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss: assets and liabilities 2022- |
| Total cost of net financial debt | Total cost of net financial debt2023(894) | Total cost of net financial debt2022(614) |
