The Group reports its emissions of all greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Reported Scope 1 emissions include stationary and mobile fuel combustion emissions and process emissions. Fugitive emissions from refrigerant gases are not included in reported data, since their impact is not considered to be significant in comparison to the Group’s consolidated Scope 1 emissions.
Location-based and market-based methods were used to calculate emissions from the electricity consumption of Group entities (Scope 2). The location-based method takes into account the average electricity mix of the grid for each country where the electricity is consumed, applying an emission factor of zero for electricity from renewable sources under on-site power purchase agreements and for the self-consumption of such electricity. The market-based method calculates the emissions from the electricity actually purchased, applying an emission factor of zero to the consumption of electricity from renewable sources (including guarantee of origin certificates, supplier contracts with a guaranteed share of green electricity, and off-site power purchase agreements).
The conversion factors used to calculate Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions and Scope 2 emissions in France and its overseas departments, regions and collectivities come from the 2025 Ademe Base Empreinte® database. The conversion factors used to calculate Scope 2 emissions outside France are drawn from the 2023 International Energy Agency (IEA) database (published in 2025), a consistent source for all geographies where the Group operates. To calculate market-based Scope 2 emissions, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on 2025 data to measure the difference between the emission factors used by VINCI and the residual mix emission factors used by the Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB). Findings showed that market-based Scope 2 emissions were underestimated by 15% and by less than 1% for Scope 1 and other Scope 2 emissions. Biogenic emissions are calculated on the basis of energy consumption and the share of biogenic emissions as determined using the emissions factors from the Ademe Base Empreinte® database for Scope 1 and from the IEA database for Scope 2.
To measure the progress made by the Group in reducing its direct greenhouse gas emissions between 2018 and 2030, the reduction achieved in year Y is compared against an initial emissions baseline. Each year, the 2018 baseline is adjusted for emissions relating to acquisitions and disposals of companies during the period (see paragraph 5.2 above). Accordingly, emissions reported in 2018 are adjusted for changes in scope between 2018 and year Y, in order to track the Group’s progress against its emissions reduction targets on a like-for-like basis.
The 2018 emissions of entities acquired in year Y are calculated as follows:
To calculate Scope 3 emissions, the recommendations published by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) in its Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions (version 1.0) were followed. Of the 15 emissions categories defined by the GHG Protocol, all but four were considered to be relevant to VINCI’s activities. The exceptions are Category 9, Downstream transportation and distribution; Category 10, Processing of sold products; Category 13, Downstream leased assets; and Category 14, Franchises.
The Group goes beyond the requirements of the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) by including emissions from motorway traffic, which are classified as indirect use-phase emissions of sold products. For VINCI Construction’s activities, only the downstream emissions of new-build and renovated buildings by the Building France Division are taken into account, since other built infrastructure assets do not directly consume energy. For VINCI Highways’ activities, a rule has been applied to only calculate emissions from consolidated entities operating as concession holders. Where appropriate, some business lines apply industry-specific standards. For example, VINCI Autoroutes uses the tools provided by the Association of French Motorway Companies (Asfa), while VINCI Immobilier applies the standard set by the French environmental regulation for new buildings (RE2020). VINCI Airports follows the recommendations of the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA), but does not include aircraft cruising emissions in the Group’s Scope 3 calculations. Reporting on these emissions is only required for accredited airports having reached ACA Level 4 or Level 5.
Because existing guidelines are not adapted to the diversity of VINCI’s business activities, the Group sometimes uses estimates to calculate its Scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas emissions. The main sources for these estimates are as follows:
The Group provides Scope 3 methodology guidance, in addition to the GHG Protocol, on its intranet. Emissions from services purchased from or subcontracted to other Group entities are measured and deducted from the Group’s total during the consolidation phase using the following method: a ratio of Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions per million euros of revenue is calculated for each business line for the current year, using Scope 1, 2 and 3 data from the Group’s environmental reporting.
