Jean-Marie Messier (Chairman from 1996 to 1997)
SGE
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A graduate of Ecole Polytechnique and Ecole Nationale d'Administration, Jean-Marie Messier began his career as a Finance inspector in 1982. He was successively cabinet chief of the minister in charge of privatisations, technical advisor to the minister of the economy and finance from 1986 to 1999, and associate-manager of the bank Lazard Frères et Cie from 1989 to 1994. Appointed General Manager and Director of CGE (which became Vivendi in 1996), he was named Chairman and CEO of the company until 2002. He was Chairman and CEO of SGE from 1996 to 1997, when it was still a subsidiary of Vivendi.